Finally, in the case of Saharan dust outbreaks, an increase in the particulate content in both urban and rural stations is notable. Contrariwise, when persistent thermal inversion occurs, pollutant dispersion is very limited and high concentrations are recorded by urban stations. Results show that the natural removal of particulate matter is favoured by intense, continental winds.
Furthermore, the daily variability of aerosol optical depth, tropospheric and near-surface nitrogen dioxide amounts were investigated. The analysis involved the following atmospheric parameters: wind speed and direction near the ground, air temperature, specific humidity, height and evolution of the mixing layer. To evaluate the effect of local particulate sources, data from several urban and rural ground-based air quality stations were considered. This study analyses the influence of synoptic weather conditions on atmospheric particulate matter concentration and composition during an intensive measurement campaign, performed in the urban area of Rome (Italy) in winter 2017. A range of intervention measures could be selected at different levels based on countries' socioeconomic conditions to reduce the air pollution exposure and COPD burden. There is a need to continue to improve the air quality guidelines. Biomass cooking in low-income countries was clearly associated with COPD morbidity in adult nonsmoking females. We also used the articles in the reference lists of the identified articles.īoth short-term and long-term exposures to outdoor air pollution around the world are associated with the mortality and morbidity of COPD sufferers even at levels below the current air quality guidelines. We focused on articles written in English or with an English abstract.
We also used articles prior to 1990 if they contained relevant information. We focused on articles from 1990 to 2015. Search terms included "COPD exacerbation", "air pollution", "air quality guidelines", "air quality standards", "COPD morbidity and mortality", "chronic bronchitis", and "air pollution control" separately and in combination. PubMed and Google Scholar were utilized to search for articles related to our study's focus. This systematic review was to summarize the up-to-date literature on the impact of air pollution on the COPD sufferers. Although studies over the last 30 years helped reduce the values, it is not very clear if the current air quality guidelines are adequately protective for COPD sufferers. While cigarette smoking remains the main cause of COPD, outdoor and indoor air pollution are important risk factors to its etiology. COPD is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in both high- and low-income countries and a major public health burden worldwide.
0 kommentar(er)
